Phenological phases
Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.)
Needle appearance
The phenological phase to be recorded is defined as the stage at which the needles in each bundle (e.g. two for Scots pine) become separately visible, after the buds/new shoots have elongated and the needle bundles have started to separate.
The defined stage of needle appearance
Photos: Egbert Beuker / Robert Breugger
Needle appearance
Flushing is at the defined stage at the midle picture.
Photos: Jouko Lehto
Flowering
The flowers of male (staminate) inflorescence are open and begin to release yellow pollen. On windy days the release of pollen is visible. When releasing pollen, male (staminate) inflorescence are red, wine-red or yellow-brown, later on the colour changes to yellow of yellow-brown.
Photos: Teijo Nikkanen
Damage
Damage by late spring frost
Photos: Jouko Lehto